Arabia Petraea

Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the 2nd century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in Jordan, southern Levant, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Arabian peninsula. Its capital was Petra. It was bordered on the north by Syria, on the west by Iudaea (merged with Syria from 135 AD) and Aegyptus, and on the south and east by the rest of Arabia, known as Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix.

It was annexed by Emperor Trajan, like many other eastern frontier provinces of the Roman Empire, but held onto, unlike Armenia, Mesopotamia and Assyria, well after Trajan's rule – its desert frontier being called the Limes Arabicus. It produced no usurpers and no emperors (Philippus, though Arab, was from Shahbā, a Syrian city added to the province of Arabia at a point between 193 and 225 — Philippus was born around 204). As a frontier province, it included a desert populated by the nomadic Saraceni, and bordering the Parthian hinterland.

Arabia (film)

Arabia is a 1995 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Jayaraj, starring Babu Antony, Charmila and Anusha in the lead roles.

Cast

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Arabia (daughter of Justin II)

Arabia (Greek: Ἀραβία) was the only recorded daughter of Byzantine emperor Justin II (r. 565–578) and his empress Sophia.

Name and meaning

While mentioned in several primary sources, her name is only recorded in the Patria of Constantinople. The name is generally accepted as genuine, though Cyril Mango has raised some doubts in his works.

Shahîd's Byzantium and the Arabs in the sixth century (1995) examines the implications of her name. Arabia appears to be a unique personal name, and she seems to have been named for the Arabian Peninsula. The poem In laudem Justini minoris ("In praise of the younger Justin") by Flavius Cresconius Corippus, a primary source for the coronation of her father, notes its difference from the conventional and respectable name of her mother, indicating that it did sound strange even to a contemporary.

The name had negative connotations, as the Arab people were mostly seen as barbarians by the Byzantines. Similarly embarrassing names for the women of an imperial family had resulted in renamings both before and after Arabia's lifetime, for instance the empresses Aelia Eudocia and Aelia Anastasia, whose original names (Athenaïs and Ino) had pagan connotations. At the time however, the Byzantine Empire had a subject Arab population in the provinces of the Diocese of the East, a population that had undergone both Romanization and Christianization. Thus "Arab" did not translate to "enemy" or "raider". For hostile peoples of Arab origin, the sources use the term "Saracens" instead.

English

English may refer to:

American English

American English, or United States (U.S.) English, is the set of dialects of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the common language used by the federal government, considered the de facto language of the country because of its widespread use. English has been given official status by 30 of the 50 state governments. As an example, while both Spanish and English have equivalent status in the local courts of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, under federal law, English is the official language for any matters being referred to the United States District Court for the territory.

The use of English in the United States is a result of British colonization. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since then, American English has been influenced by the languages of West Africa, the Native American population, German, Dutch, Irish, Spanish, and other languages of successive waves of immigrants to the United States.

English: An Autumn in London

English: An Autumn in London (2013) is a Malayalam film written by Ajayan Venugopalan and directed by Shyamaprasad. A drama with slight tinges of black humour and satire, the film stars Jayasurya, Nivin Pauly, Mukesh, Nadia Moidu, Remya Nambeesan. The film is produced by Binu Dev under the banner of Navarang Screens and features music composed by Rex Vijayan of the band Avial, whilst cinematography is handled by Udayan Ambaadi and is edited by Vinod Sukumaran. The film tells the story of the lives of the Malayalees living in London.

Plot

The lives of four characters from diverse backgrounds whose passage to the U.K. and its aftermath are dealt with in the film. Jayasurya plays Shankaran, a Kathakali artiste-turned-waiter who is an illegal immigrant. Nivin Pauly dons the role of Sibin, an IT executive with a roving eye. Mukesh plays Joy, a middle-class corner store owner with an extended family in London and all its concomitant problems and advantages. Nadia Moidu plays Saraswathy, a Tamil Brahmin. Married to a doctor, she has been in the U.K, for more than 20 years. Remya Nambeesan plays Gauri, a young married woman from a rustic background who arrives in London.